ولایتِ یتامیٰ کے شرعی اصول و ضوابط: قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں ایک جامع تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

SHARIAH PRINCIPLES AND REGULATIONS OF GUARDIANSHIP OVER ORPHANS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF THE QUR’AN AND SUNNAH

Abstract

Islamic law provides a comprehensive framework for preserving human dignity, securing individual rights, and promoting the welfare of vulnerable members of society. Among those requiring particular care and protection are orphaned children, who may experience significant social, emotional, and financial vulnerability following the loss of their fathers. Islamic teachings assign special importance to their well-being by emphasizing compassionate treatment, respect for their rights, and responsible guardianship. The Qur’an explicitly condemns the neglect and mistreatment of orphans and encourages believers to act in ways that promote their welfare and interests. Prophetic guidance further reinforces this responsibility by highlighting the virtue of treating orphans with kindness and care. Taken together, these sources indicate that the Islamic approach to orphan care is not merely ethical or charitable in nature; rather, it establishes a broader system of protection aimed at preserving their dignity, ensuring their welfare, and preventing the exploitation of their rights. Particular emphasis is placed on the responsible management and protection of their property and financial interests, thereby making guardianship an important trust and legal responsibility within the Islamic framework.