An Environmental and Sociological Analysis of Amna Mufti’s Novel Paani Mar Raha Hai

Abstract

In the significant intellectual shifts occurring in twenty-first century Urdu fiction, the emergence of ecological consciousness holds a prominent place. Amna Mufti has emerged as a bold and powerful voice of this intellectual transformation in contemporary Urdu literature. This paper presents an analytical and critical study of her fiction, particularly her masterpiece novel "Paani Mar Raha Hai" (The Water Is Dying). It examines how Amna Mufti has translated real and geographical issues such as the water crisis, the death of rivers, and environmental migration into the framework of fiction. Furthermore, analyzing the novel through the theoretical lenses of ecocriticism and ecofeminism, the study demonstrates how both women and nature become targets of the same exploitative system. The paper also includes an analysis of the novel's key characters, style, and linguistic structure.